Journal 1
Consumers perceive that they have a want or need. They have a wide range of needs to be fulfilled during their lifetime. Human needs can be interpreted as one of the psychological factors that drive people in their activities and the reason for them to work in order to meet their needs. For women, appearance is very important. Cosmetics are a symbol of a woman’s beauty. Cosmetics cannot be removed from the daily life of most women. It is normally associated with women because of their nature to constantly look and feel beautiful. Innovation is the key to sustainable business growth. Without innovation, a company's business would not last long. It is required to win the business competition that has become increasingly fierce in recent years. Wardah was established in 1985. Wardah is a halal cosmetics brand product of PT Paragon Technology and Innovation. For Wardah, innovation means to create something new or to continue to improve on old products.
Journal 2
The word Halal is defined as permissible, or lawful, in accordance to Islamic values. On the other hand, Haram means forbidden or prohibited. Halal and Haram are clearly identified in the Islamic law via Quran and Hadith in regards to all types of products such as “pharmaceutical, cosmetics, finance, investments and toiletries” and behaviors. This study contributes to the existing literature in such a manner: Firstly, it offers an understanding of Muslims’ consumption behavior towards Halal cosmetics and personal care. Next, it provides an empirical understanding of the relationships between, Relative Advantages (RA), Awareness (AW), Religiosity (R), Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Subjective Norms (SN), and Attitude (A) towards Intention to Purchase Halal Cosmetics (IPHC). Then, it is also presents an empirical examination of the influential moderation role of ‘Income’ for the relationships between RA, AW, SN, PBC, R and A constructs towards IPHC. Furthermore, this study introduces a comparison to former Halal cosmetics consumption behavior studies which were conducted in Malaysia as an Islamic major market. Besides, this study represents an empirical support for the predictive ability of the companied model of theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and the Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT). On the other hand, this study provides an empirical evaluation of the willingness of Saudi consumers to purchase available Halal cosmetic products on the market. Lastly, it has vital managerial implications for marketing practitioners and consumer scholars by determining the antecedent and moderating variables that impact the IPHC within Muslim community. Thus, it is anticipated that this study would advance existing literature and upcoming industrial expansion related to Halal cosmetics.
Journal 3
In the Arabic language, Halal refers to anything that is permissible under Islamic law (Sharia). It is usually used to describe activities that a Moslem is permitted to engage in, such as eat, drink or use. The antithesis of halal is Haram, which in the Arabic language refers to anything prohibited under Islamic law. The realm of halal may extend to all consumables such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, personal care products, toiletries, etc. The halal label or certificate not only guarantees Moslems what they consume or use is in accordance to Islamic law, but also encourages manufacturers to meet the halal standard. Malaysia has taken a serious approach towards developing halal products since 2009 because it realized that the halal consideration is the new attraction for the country’s Moslem customers. For cosmetics firms that operate in competitive markets, achieving satisfaction for their customers is particularly important if they want to survive in those markets.
Journal 4
Halal is an Islamic term which guides the Muslims that what is allowed to them to practice in daily routine or every aspects of life and what is prohibited for them which does not allowed to be practice in Islamic society . The concept of Halal is not only limited to food it is also practiced in each the aspects of Muslims’ life. It has been stated in the Holy Quran by Allah; “And spend in the way of Allah and do not throw (yourselves) with your (own) hands into destruction (by refraining). And do good; indeed, Allah loves the doers of good.” Quran 2:195. Muslims & Arabs use concept Halal which means anything that is lawful, legislative, consider permissible in Islam therefore Haram is anything which is prohibited if any Muslim use it he/she will be punished for this act. The word Halal is originated from verb “HALLA” which means to be permissible, legislative, permitted, legitimated, non-prohibited and non-forbidden. Furthermore in discipline of chemistry its mean anything which may dissolved, malted, convertible to liquid, break down.
Journal 5
Halal as a Qur’an term applies to allowed, legal products according to the Islamic thoughts. Halal cautious consumers have a high attention towards Halal concept, and they try to adapt their behavioral traits decision making with it. Todays, Muslim provide one of the biggest consuming markets in the world with value of about billion dollars of foods products in Europe, North America, China and foods products in Europe, North America, China and India and same consumption level of cosmetics and health care products in Middle east. Since the origin of most Halal products are non-Muslim manufacturers, the Halal quality of finished products are a big issue for Muslims. Therefore Halal quality assurance or Halal quality maintenance by different supply chains players are important factors of this study.
